Purification and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracellular Polysaccharopeptide from the Submerged Fermentation of Sanghuang Mushroom, Sanghuangporus lonicericola
Background: Sanghuang medicinal mushroom fungus is widely used in East Asia. In this study, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory properties of the new extracellular polysaccharopeptide (SePSP) was investigated. SePSP purified from the fermentation broth of the mycelium Sanghuang submerged, Sanghuangporus lonicericola stain Sanghuang CBS17 isolated from wild fruit body.
Results: SePSP extracted using ethanol precipitation procedures, followed by anion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography DEAE. The mass ratio of polysaccharides and peptides in SePSP purified component is about 4.87: 1. In determining the ability of free radicals by using DPPH, hydroxyl free radical, and superoxide anion free radicals, as well as reducing overall power, SePSP have strong antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent vitro. Furthermore, SePSP effectively reduced dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice.
Administration of 200 mg / kg SePSP by gavage for 7 days to prevent loss of weight; significantly reduced the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines including, TNF-α and IL-1β; an increase in mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the colon; and a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration of 6.42 to 4.82 umol / L in the blood at UC rats.
Conclusion: SePSP have strong antioxidant activity in vitro concentration-dependent and effectively reduced DSS-induced UC in mice. In vivo therapeutic efficacy in DSS-induced UC can be mediated through the modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibit oxidative stress. The findings provide a scientific rationale for utilizing the bioactive nutraceuticals from Sanghuang fungus to develop functional foods for the prevention and treatment of UC. This article is protected by copyright. All copyrights
Purification and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracellular Polysaccharopeptide from the Submerged Fermentation of Sanghuang Mushroom, Sanghuangporus lonicericola
The clinical utility of Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay determined by Titer Analysis for the Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Point-of-Care
Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), becoming a pandemic in early 2020. The lateral flow immunoassay for antibody testing has been seen as a cheap and fast method for determining deployable previous infection with SARS-CoV-2; However, these tests have shown low sensitivity can not be accepted.
We report a lateral flow immunoassay nine currently available and compare the sensitivity of their titers in serum to best practices enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization assay. PCR positive for a small group, we found two devices with lateral flow immunoassay sensitivity is approximately equal titers by ELISA; This device is positive for all PCR-positive patients keep SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. One of these devices are placed in northern Italy to test the sensitivity and specificity of the real-world clinical settings. Using the device with a fingerstick blood in a cohort of 27 patients hospitalized PCR-positive and seven controls were hospitalized, ROC curve analysis gives AUC value of 0.7646 for IgG.
Description: LIF is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that exists in both soluble and matrix-bound forms. It displays biologic activities ranging from the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells into macrophage lineage to effects on bone metabolism, inflammation, neural development, embryogenesis, and the maintenance of implantation. It is now clear that LIF is related in both structure and mechanism of action to the interleukin IL-6 family of cytokines, which also includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin 1. The actions of these cytokines are mediated through specific cell-surface receptors that consist of a unique chain and the shared signal transducing subunit gp130.
Description: LIF is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that exists in both soluble and matrix-bound forms. It displays biologic activities ranging from the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells into macrophage lineage to effects on bone metabolism, inflammation, neural development, embryogenesis, and the maintenance of implantation. It is now clear that LIF is related in both structure and mechanism of action to the interleukin IL-6 family of cytokines, which also includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin 1. The actions of these cytokines are mediated through specific cell-surface receptors that consist of a unique chain and the shared signal transducing subunit gp130.
Description: LIF is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that exists in both soluble and matrix-bound forms. It displays biologic activities ranging from the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells into macrophage lineage to effects on bone metabolism, inflammation, neural development, embryogenesis, and the maintenance of implantation (2). It is now clear that LIF is related in both structure and mechanism of action to the interleukin IL-6 family of cytokines, which also includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin 1 (2). The actions of these cytokines are mediated through specific cell-surface receptors that consist of a unique chain and the shared signal transducing subunit gp130.
Description: LIF is a multifunctional secreted glycoprotein that exists in both soluble and matrix-bound forms. It displays biologic activities ranging from the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells into macrophage lineage to effects on bone metabolism, inflammation, neural development, embryogenesis, and the maintenance of implantation (2). It is now clear that LIF is related in both structure and mechanism of action to the interleukin IL-6 family of cytokines, which also includes IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin 1 (2). The actions of these cytokines are mediated through specific cell-surface receptors that consist of a unique chain and the shared signal transducing subunit gp130.
Description: Based on its helical structure, LIF (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor) is considered a member of the Interleukin-6 family of cytokines. Functionally, it has been implicated in a many physiological processes including development, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and inflammation. Some cell types known to express LIF include activated T cells, monocytes, astrocytes, osteoblasts, keratinocytes, regenerating skeletal muscle, mast cells, and fibroblasts.
Description: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence. Human LIF is as active on human cells as is it is on mouse cells, though mouse LIF is about 1000 fold less active on human cells, than human LIF.
Description: Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of Interleukin 6 family. This protein is mainly expressed in the trophectoderm of the developing embryo, with its receptor LIFR expressed throughout the inner cell mass. LIF has the capacity to induce terminal differentiation in leukemic cells. Its activities include the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, the induction of neuronal cell differentiation, and the stimulation of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes. LIF is used in mouse embryonic stem cell culture, because that removal of LIF pushes stem cells toward differentiation, but they retain their proliferative potential or pluripotency. It is also used in phase II clinical trial, which can assist embryo implantation in women who have failed to become pregnant despite assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Mature mouse LIF shares 78 % a.a. sequence identity with Human LIF.
Description: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence. Human LIF is as active on human cells as is it is on mouse cells, though mouse LIF is about 1000 fold less active on human cells, than human LIF. Recombinant mouse LIF produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 180 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.86 kDa.
Description: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence. Human LIF is as active on human cells as is it is on mouse cells, though mouse LIF is about 1000 fold less active on human cells, than human LIF. Recombinant mouse LIF produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 180 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 19.86 kDa.
Description: Description of target: Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that affects cell growth by inhibiting differentiation. When LIF levels drop, the cells differentiate. The LIF was mapped gene to 22q11-q12.2 by Southern analysis of a series of mouse/human somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization to the chromosomes of 2 normal males and some individuals with chromosomal rearrangements. The gene maps between the Philadelphia translocation BCR1 and the breakpoint of the translocation in cell line GM2324 at 22q12.2. LIF derives its name from its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells, thus preventing their continued growth. Other properties attributed to the cytokine include: the growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence on bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis and inflammation.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: <10pg/ml
Description: Description of target: LIF has the capacity to induce terminal differentiation in leukemic cells. Its activities include the induction of hematopoietic differentiation in normal and myeloid leukemia cells, the induction of neuronal cell differentiation, and the stimulation of acute-phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes.;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.039 ng/mL
Description: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor also called LIF is a lymphoid factor that promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor has several functions such as cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone & fat metabolism, mitogenesis of factor dependent cell lines & promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and mouse LIF exhibit a 78% identity in its amino acid sequence. Human LIF is as active on human cells as is it is on mouse cells, though mouse LIF is about 1000 fold less active on human cells, than human LIF.
Description: Based on its helical structure, LIF (Leukemia Inhibitory Factor) is considered a member of the Interleukin-6 family of cytokines. Functionally, it has been implicated in a many physiological processes including development, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and inflammation. Some cell types known to express LIF include activated T cells, monocytes, astrocytes, osteoblasts, keratinocytes, regenerating skeletal muscle, mast cells, and fibroblasts.
As a comparison, this test was also tested with saliva from the same patient population and showed a decrease in discrimination between cases and controls with AUC values of 0.6841 for IgG. In addition, during a virus neutralization test, the patients were found to harbor autoantibodies to ACE2, with implications for how the immune response is profiled. We show here through the study proof-of-concept that a lateral flow device can be as analytical as sensitive as ELISA and adopted into hospital protocol; However, additional improvements to these devices is still required before their clinical deployment.
